Brachytherapy

About this approach

Brachytherapy places a radiation source in or close to a tumor using an applicator, catheter or small implant. Depending on the treatment plan, the source may be removed after a short period or remain as a permanent implant whose radiation decreases over time. It is used in selected prostate, gynecological and other cancers. The approach concentrates treatment near the target. The procedure, recovery and temporary radiation precautions depend on the particular type of brachytherapy being offered.

Where it fits: Established localized radiation treatment

Where this treatment is used

Brachytherapy has established roles that differ across cancer types. It may provide the main radiation treatment or complement external-beam radiation. High-dose-rate treatment usually delivers radiation temporarily through an applicator; low-dose-rate treatment may involve a longer temporary placement or permanent seeds. These techniques require imaging and careful planning to balance tumor coverage with nearby organs. For prostate cancer, selection also considers urinary symptoms, prostate anatomy and cancer risk group. In other settings, the applicator and treatment sequence are different. The evidence should therefore be discussed for the exact diagnosis and technique. Removal of a temporary source means it no longer emits radiation from the body; permanent implants require their own written safety guidance.

Procedure and practical considerations

Procedure-related risks can include pain, bleeding, infection and anesthesia complications. Local radiation effects depend on the site and may involve urinary, bowel, vaginal or sexual symptoms, sometimes persisting or appearing later. Some patients need a catheter or additional recovery support. Follow the team’s specific radiation-safety advice rather than assuming that every implant requires the same precautions.

Cancer guides that discuss this treatment

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Clinics reporting this approach

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