Hormone therapy

About this approach

Hormone therapy changes the production or action of hormones that help certain cancers grow. It is used for hormone-sensitive breast and prostate cancers and in some other specific settings. Treatment may involve tablets, injections or surgery that reduces hormone production. The goal can be to reduce recurrence risk, control cancer or relieve symptoms. It is different from hormone replacement used for menopausal symptoms, and the right approach depends on the cancer’s biology and treatment stage.

Where it fits: Established treatment for hormone-sensitive cancers

Where this treatment is used

Hormone therapy has an established role when a cancer depends on the hormonal pathway being targeted. In breast cancer, estrogen and progesterone receptor testing helps determine whether endocrine treatment is appropriate. Medicines may block receptors, reduce estrogen production or suppress ovarian function. Prostate cancer treatments may reduce testosterone production or block androgen signaling. These approaches are not interchangeable. Hormone treatment may accompany surgery or radiation, or become part of a longer-term plan for advanced disease. The recommended duration, combination and expected benefit depend on the specific diagnosis. Cancer can develop resistance, so follow-up assesses whether the plan is still working. A treatment choice should include discussion of how its likely benefit compares with its ongoing effects on everyday life.

Procedure and practical considerations

Side effects depend on the drug and the hormones affected. Hot flashes, fatigue, sexual changes and effects on mood or bone health may occur. Some medicines have additional risks, including blood clots or changes in the uterine lining; these risks do not apply equally to every treatment. Do not stop prescribed hormone treatment without discussing an alternative plan with the oncology team.

Cancer guides that discuss this treatment

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