Microwave ablation

About this approach

Microwave ablation uses a thin antenna placed into a tumor to deliver energy that heats and destroys tissue. Ultrasound or CT helps guide placement and treatment planning. It is commonly considered for selected liver tumors, including some cancers that began elsewhere and spread to the liver. The procedure may provide local control without removing a section of the organ.

Where it fits: Established local thermal treatment for selected tumors

Where this treatment is used

Microwave ablation is one of several established image-guided ablation methods used for carefully selected tumors. For liver disease, suitability depends on the number and size of lesions, their relationship to blood vessels and bile ducts, liver function and the broader treatment plan. The goal is to cover the tumor and a surrounding treatment margin while protecting important structures. It may be considered instead of surgery or combined with other treatment in selected circumstances. Follow-up scans assess whether the intended area was treated and whether further ablation, surgery, radiation or systemic therapy is required.

Procedure and practical considerations

Possible risks include pain, bleeding, infection or abscess, injury to bile ducts and damage to nearby organs. Liver function can worsen in some circumstances. Lesions close to the chest may involve lung-related risks, including a collapsed lung. Anesthesia and the imaging procedure add considerations of their own.

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