Cryoablation for cancer

About this approach

Cryoablation destroys tissue by freezing it through a probe or, for some surface lesions, by applying a freezing substance directly. Imaging can guide treatment of selected internal tumors and help the team monitor the freezing area. The approach is used in certain skin, kidney, liver, bone and other cancer settings, with suitability varying considerably. Medical tumor cryoablation is different from whole-body cryotherapy offered for wellness. The treatment plan should explain exactly what tissue is being targeted.

Where it fits: Established local treatment in selected cancer settings

Where this treatment is used

Cryoablation is a local treatment with established uses for selected lesions, but the evidence depends on the cancer, location and treatment goal. It may be considered when preserving nearby tissue matters or when an operation is not suitable. An image-guided freezing zone does not prove that every cancer cell has been destroyed, so scheduled follow-up remains necessary. Some applications, including particular focal prostate approaches, have different levels of evidence and should be discussed separately. Cryoablation may also be used to relieve symptoms in an overall cancer plan. A useful consultation compares the proposed procedure with surgery, surveillance, radiation or other ablation techniques, including the consequences if retreatment is needed.

Procedure and practical considerations

Risks include bleeding, infection, blood clots, persistent pain and damage to healthy tissue near the freezing area. Anesthesia or sedation can also cause complications. Nerves and nearby organs may be affected, with consequences that depend on the treatment site. Some people experience a temporary flu-like reaction after ablation.

Cancer guides that discuss this treatment

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Clinics reporting this approach

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