Photodynamic therapy

About this approach

Photodynamic therapy combines a light-sensitive medicine with a particular light source to damage abnormal cells. The medicine and light-delivery method depend on the treatment site. It is used for selected cancers and precancers on the skin or accessible tissue surfaces, and sometimes to relieve obstruction-related symptoms. Its effect depends on reaching the target with light, so it is not a general treatment for deep or widespread cancer. The approved drug and intended use should be identified clearly.

Where it fits: Established local treatment for selected superficial or accessible lesions

Where this treatment is used

PDT has established applications for selected lesions, but the indication is specific to the disease, photosensitizing medicine and equipment. Light may be directed at the skin or delivered through an endoscope to an internal surface. Limited light penetration restricts treatment of large or deep tumors. PDT differs from simply using a laser to cut or heat tissue: activation of the medicine is a defining part of the procedure. It can be used alone or within a broader treatment plan, including symptom-focused care.

Procedure and practical considerations

Side effects may include pain, swelling, skin reactions and damage to nearby normal tissue. Depending on the site, swallowing or breathing can be affected. Some photosensitizers make the skin and eyes unusually sensitive to sunlight and bright indoor light for a period after treatment. The duration and precautions are drug-specific.

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